Free Calculator

Plumb Cut Angle Calculator — Roof Rafters

Select your roof pitch. Get the exact bevel angle to set on your circular saw or Speed Square for plumb cuts, level cuts, and hip/valley cheek cuts.

Roof Pitch

inches per 12" of run
inches — usually 12
6:12 pitch
26.6°
Plumb Cut Angle
Set saw bevel from vertical (or 90° − this from horizontal)
Level / Seat Cut
63.4°
Level Cut Angle
Birdsmouth seat cut — set from horizontal
Hip & Valley Rafter Cuts — Same Pitch
Hip/Valley Plumb Cut
19.5°
arctan(pitch / √2) — shallower than common
Hip/Valley Level Cut
70.5°
complement of hip/valley plumb
Side Cut (Cheek Cut)
35°16'
constant — all equal-pitch roofs
Speed Square Settings
Common Plumb Line
26.6
read "COMMON" scale on Speed Square
Common Level Line
63.4
use the degree scale
Hip/Valley Plumb
19.5
read "HIP/VAL" scale on Speed Square
Plumb Cut — Common Rafter — 6:12

What is a Plumb Cut?

A plumb cut is a cut that is perfectly vertical when the rafter is installed in position. It is made at the ridge (top end) and at the heel of the birdsmouth. The angle equals the roof's pitch angle — for a 6:12 pitch that is 26.6°.

A level cut (or seat cut) is horizontal when the rafter is in place — it sits flat on the wall plate. The level cut angle is always 90° minus the plumb cut angle.

On a Speed Square: hold it against the rafter edge, pivot until the "COMMON" scale reads your pitch (e.g., 6), and scribe the plumb line. Most Speed Squares also have a "HIP/VAL" scale for hip and valley rafters.

For a circular saw: set the bevel to the plumb cut angle from vertical (or equivalently, tilt the blade to the complementary angle from horizontal). Mark the cut line plumb on the rafter, then follow it with the bevel set.

Plumb & Level Cut Reference — All Common Pitches
PitchPlumb CutLevel CutHip/Val PlumbHip/Val LevelSlope %Type